ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate and apply the bioaccessibility of Cd in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) to human health risk assessment, and provide reference for the formulation of limit standards. METHODS: The contents of Cd in Coptis chinensis Franch., Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Lindera aggregate (Sims) Kosterm., and Curcuma kwangsiensis S.G. Lee et C.F. Liang were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The bioaccessibility of Cd in TCMs was investigated by in vitro physiologically based extraction test(PBET) digestion method. And the target hazard quotient (THQ) was applied to assess the health risks of Cd contents. RESULTS: The bioaccessibility of Cd for Coptis chinensis Franch., Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Lindera aggregate (Sims) Kosterm., and Curcuma kwangsiensis S.G. Lee et C.F. Liang was 49.0%, 40.0%, 44.9% and 65.7%, respectively. The results of risk assessment showed that before extraction, THQ values of Cd for Coptis chinensis Franch., Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Lindera aggregate (Sims) Kosterm., and Curcuma kwangsiensis S.G. Lee et C.F. Liang were 1.895, 1.045, 1.446 and 1.653, respectively; after extraction, THQ values of Cd for the four types of TCMs were 0.929, 0.418, 0.649 and 1.077, respectively. CONCLUSION: Cd in the four types of TCMs cannot be completely absorbed in the artificial gastrointestinal phase, and the risks of Cd are reduced after extraction. Except THQ for Curcuma kwangsiensis S.G. Lee et C.F. Liang, the THQ values are below the value of 1, indicating very low health risks for the other three types of TCMs after extraction. In this study, the bioaccessibility of heavy metals in TCMs is applied to the health risk assessment model in order to provide a scientific basis for objectively evaluating the health risks of heavy metals in TCMs and formulating a scientific and reasonable heavy metal limit standards.
ABSTRACT
AIM To study the antithrombotic effects and mechanism of ethyl acetate fraction of Curcuma kwangsiensis S.G.Lee et C.F.Liang (CKEAF).METHODS To observe the antithrombotic effects of CKEAF on tail thrombotic mouse models and arteriovenous bypass thrombotic rat models induced by carrageenan,and in vivo thrombosis rat models induced by FeCl3.The serum levels of ET-1,6-keto-PGF1α,TXB2 in rats were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and the level of NO was determined by nitrate reductase method.Rat models of acute blood stasis were further established for hemorheological study.RESULTS CKEAF significantly decreased the number and length of blackened thrombotic tail of carrageenan-treated mice.Rat models shared significant wet weight loss in arteriovenous bypass thrombosis and in vivo thrombosis,increased levels of NO,6-keto-PGF1α,decreased levels of ET-1,TXB2,and decreased whole blood and plasma viscosity (rats of acute blood stasis model).CONCLUSION Significant antithrombotic effects by CKEAF may contribute to elevated levels of NO,6-keto-PGF1α,and decreased levels of ET-1,TXB2,and lowered whole blood and plasma viscosity.
ABSTRACT
Object To develop a new method for the determination of curcumol in essential oil from rhizoma Curcumae L.. Methods The contents of curcumol were determined by high performance capillary gas chromatography with sequential increase of temperature on a HEWLETT PACKARD 5890A gas chromatograph. Results The method can be used to determine curcumol with accuracy at a recovery of 101.4% and RSD of 0.40%. Conclusion The present study provided a satisfactory method for the determination of curcumol, and it was found that its contents in four different species (C. wenyujin, C. longa, C. aeruginose, and C. kwangsiensis) were markedly different.